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On Monday, the Federal Reserve met to discuss the discount rate.   There has been a steady increase in the number of regional Federal Reserve presidents requesting an increase in the discount rate.  The minutes of the October 26 meeting were reported yesterday. The meeting was held before the FOMC met on October 27-28.  At that meeting, nine of the 12 regional presidents expressed a preference to lift the discount rate.  It is a preference because it is ultimately up to the Board of...

The divergence of monetary policy is discounted, they argued. Ahead of next week's big events, which include the IMF's SDR decision, the ECB meeting, OPEC meeting, and the US jobs data, the euro, against which speculators have amassed a large short position, just shy of a record,  were supposed to be content. The euro did gain almost a cent between Monday's low when it briefly dipped below $1.0600 and today's high, which stopped shy of $1.0690 in early Europe.  However, it was greeted...

The US dollar recorded its high for the year against the Swiss franc on January 14 near CHF1.0240.  It closed that day a little below CHF1.0190.  The next day the Swiss National Bank surprised the world by lifting its cap against the euro.  The dollar plunged to nearly CHF0.7400.   It has taken increased prospects of a Fed rate hike, negative 75 bp on sight deposits at the SNB, and the prospect of more, if the European Central Bank takes additional unorthodox monetary measures in early...

A NATO country has shot down a Russian plane.  The refugee influx is threatening to unravel the Schengen Treaty of free movement.    Germany's Merkel celebrated her tenth anniversary as Chancellor this past weekend, but she faces one of the most serious challenges of her tenure.    Portugal accounts for less than 2% of the eurozone GDP.  We argue, that like Greece, Portugal's importance is greater than the size of its economy.  Among the political challenges Europe faces, the Iberian...

The US dollar is trading choppily but with a distinct softer bias.  The economic news has been limited, and the apparent downing of a Russian plane by Turkey caused a flurry of activity, with Turkish assets coming under initial pressure which has abated somewhat.   The euro briefly dipped below $1.06 yesterday for new seven-month lows, but there was no follow through selling.  As is often the case with such chart points, a snap back after the violation, the euro reached $1.0670 in early...

With the vast majority of economists and primary dealers expecting the Federal Reserve to lift rates next month, the subject of discussion has shifted toward the pace of the hikes and the peak or terminal rate.   The Federal Reserve has used various word cues to help guide market expectations.  There was, for example, going to be a "considerable period" between the end of the asset purchase program and the first increase in rates.   Fed officials, even those who have argued against a...

(from my colleagues Dr. Win Thin and Ilan Solot) EM starts the week on an uncertain footing. Commodity prices were off sharply until comments by Saudi Arabia lifted them, reversing the trend in commodity-sensitive assets. The dollar is also back on the rise, pressuring EM FX even as a December FED hike is now just about fully priced in. In South America, the victory of the market-friendly candidate in Argentina and better political winds in Brazil have also given the region some hope for...

Surveys show that around 90% of primary dealers and economists expect the Fed to raise interest rates in the middle of December. Over the past month, the two-year US note yield has risen by nearly 37 bp to 91 bp.   The implied yield of the December Fed funds futures contract has risen by 4.5 bp to 21.5 bp at the close before the weekend. It is the highest yielding close in more than a month.  It fully discounts a 25 bp rate hike, IF one assumes that the effective Fed funds rate will...

(Correction: The analysis first presented here was based on voting at the August discount rate meeting, not the September meeting.  Here is the link to the Fed statement following the August and September.   At the September meeting, eight of the 12 Federal Reserve banks advocated a hike in the discount rate.  Note that despite the advocacy of a hike in the discount rate, the Fed's record stated: "No sentiment was expressed for changing the primary credit rate before the Committee's...

1.  The continued build of short currency futures positions characterizes the changes in the speculative positioning.  All the currency futures we track saw an increase in gross short positions. This is what drove the large net short positions.  One thing this means is that late shorts are in weak hands, and as we have seen in the Australian dollar, vulnerable to a squeeze.   2.  There were five significant (10k+ contracts) gross currency adjustments in the CFTC reporting week ending...