Tag Archives: Notes

Information from the Swiss Federal Social Insurance Office on the social insurance system in Switzerland: Brief Overview: HTML. Longer overview: PDF. Social Insurance Accounts with links to data, in German (Schweizerische Sozialversicherungsstatistik): PDF. Pocket statistics, in English: PDF. In German: PDF.

The Swiss National Bank held its annual general meeting of shareholders (web TV). In response to one of the questions posed by shareholders Thomas Jordan suggested (2:58–2:59) that possibly a digital Swiss Franc might be introduced sometime in the future.

In a VoxEU eBook, Refet Gürkaynak and Cédric Tille collect the views of central bank and academic economists on DSGE models. In the introduction to the eBook, Gürkaynak and Tille summarize these views as follows: … there is agreement on the place of DSGE models in policy analysis. All see these models as part of the policymaker tool kit, while understanding their limitations and perceiving a similar road ahead.

In its April 2017 Quarterly Report, the Deutsche Bundesbank discusses the role of banks in the creation of money. Findings from a wavelet analysis indicate that in Germany, money and credit move in parallel in the long run. In an appendix, the report mentions possible welfare costs of curbing maturity transformation, with reference to Diamond and Dybvig’s work. This is not convincing. Unlike in the typical (microeconomic) banking model, aggregate central bank provided money need not be...

In a Peterson Institute working paper, Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Eike Kreplin, and Ugo Panizza conclude that the answer to that question depends on your assumptions. The authors compare several scenarios, including scenarios A–C, the baseline scenario of the European institutions and two more pessimistic variants; scenario I which underlies the IMF reasoning and which assumes that “Greece will not undertake the structural reforms needed to achieve higher potential growth”; and scenario D,...

On VoxEU, Peter Lindert summarizes his recent work on long-term international comparisons of living standards. Lindert compares nominal incomes per capita, deflated by historical prices (for staple goods). He makes five points: The real income gap between Northwest Europe and the major Asian countries was greater since the 1500s than even Maddison had estimated. Contrary to all previous estimates, Mughal India around 1600 was already far behind both Japan and Northwest Europe. Within...

On VoxEU, Steven Durlauf offers an excellent overview over Kenneth Arrow’s work. Durlauf emphasizes five areas of research: The impossibility theorem, in the tradition of Condorcet. General equilibrium theory and the welfare theorems, in the tradition of Walras. Decision-making under uncertainty, the Arrow-Pratt measures of risk aversion and contingent commodities. Imperfect information, in the context of medical care and as a source of statistical discrimination. Economics of knowledge,...

From the European Council on Foreign Relations, Mark Galeotti reports about ties between Russian criminal networks and the Kremlin. From the summary: The Russian state is highly criminalised, and the interpenetration of the criminal ‘underworld’ and the political ‘upperworld’ has led the regime to use criminals from time to time as instruments of its rule. Russian-based organised crime groups in Europe have been used for a variety of purposes, including as sources of ‘black cash’, to...

Out The Front Door predicts a shelter dog shortage in the US. But prices will adjust.

In the New York Times, Greg Mankiw applauds the tax reform plan discussed in Congress. He emphasizes four points: The reform would move the US tax system toward international norms, from worldwide to territorial taxation. It would move the system from income towards less distorting consumption taxation, by allowing businesses to deduct investment spending immediately. The reform would change the origin-based into a destination-based system (taxing imports and exempting exports, a.k.a....