In the ever-evolving landscape of economic theory and policy, few concepts have been as influential and controversial as Joseph Schumpeter’s “creative destruction.” This powerful idea, which describes the process by which innovation continuously reshapes markets, challenges conventional wisdom about competition, monopolies, and the role of government intervention. As we grapple with the complexities of the digital age, the tension between creative destruction and regulatory frameworks, like antitrust laws and the European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) has become increasingly apparent.Creative destruction, as articulated by Schumpeter in his 1942 work “Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy,” refers to the: “process of industrial mutation that incessantly

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